1968 is remembered by libertarians for the Prague Spring (that lasted from the election of Dubček in January to the invasion of Czechoslovakia by 200,000 Warsaw Pact soldiers with 5,000 tanks in August); the Tet Offensive by the Vietnamese against the American invaders that began in January (but which was eventually crushed and followed by the horrendous US state terrorism in South Vietnam and the saturation bombing of the tiny country of Laos); the anti-war and civil rights actions in the US (that were horribly interrupted by the assassination of Martin Luther King in April); and the May 1968 student uprising in France that, coupled with mass participation worker strike action, eventually brought down the De Gaulle Government. However 1968 was also the year in which the US abstained from Security Council Resolution 252, demanding Israeli withdrawal from conquered Arab lands, [1] and, as I will argue, therein lies a malignancy that has spread to threaten the whole world in 2008.

The Prague Spring of 1968 eventually bore fruit in the democratic transformation of the Velvet Revolution in1989. The Americans and their allies (notably Australia) finally left Vietnam in 1975 but left behind a devastated Indo-China after a war associated with 13 million non-violent and violent excess deaths (avoidable deaths, deaths that should not have happened). [2] The anti-Vietnam War and Civil Rights movements were ultimately successful (although egregious militarism, war-making and gross civil rights violations have subsequently arisen again in America). The French student and worker revolt was unsuccessful but is deemed to have been transformative in France and indeed in Europe and the World. The Establishment was shaken but it retained control – however old values of patriotism, jingoism and religiosity gave way to ascendant notions and practices of equality, sexual liberation and respect for human rights.

The activism of students and workers, of millions of decent, ordinary folk back in 1968, eventually bore fruit in increased decency, non-racism, egalitarianism and human rights consciousness. The “Winds of Change” that brought freedom to so many European colonies in the 1960s brought fresh air to the former colonialist societies. The big intra-societal issues for concerned people then became sexual or participatory liberation and related human rights issues in the formerly colonialist Western societies. With the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 (evilly prolonged by Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon at the cost of millions of lives) [3], the major international issues for Western humanitarians (in addition to the continuing issues of human rights, nuclear weapons and poverty) were Apartheid South Africa (that persisted with US, UK and Israeli support until 1993), the horrendous violence of US-backed military dictatorship régimes in South America, Africa and Asia (largely resolved by restorations of democracy or popular rule in the 1980s and 1990s), [4] and Communist dictatorships in the Soviet Empire (resolved by the collapse of Communism in about 1990 and the independence of former Soviet Empire countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia). [5]

With the collapse of Communism in about 1990, with democracy in South Africa, Central America and South America by the mid-1990s, the world was set for an era of peace and prosperity in which the major issues then (and now) of nuclear weapons, poverty and resource limitations would be addressed. Unfortunately, it was not to be due to a combination of “traditional”, resource-driven, racist American imperialism and ferociously racist Anglo-American Zionist and Apartheid Israeli anti-Arab anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, violence and territorial conquest.

At this point in my essay I feel a need to clearly state that my family was wiped from the face of Europe by the Nazis and that for me the core messages of the Jewish Holocaust (6 million dead, 1 in 6 dying from deprivation) [6] and the World War 2 Western Theatre Holocaust in general (30 million Slav, Jewish and Roma dead) are “zero tolerance for racism” and “never again to anyone”. Unfortunately, these fundamental messages of the European Holocaust are egregiously violated by Zionist-run Apartheid Israel and the Zionist, Bush-ite, neo-Bush-ite and neo-conservative war-mongers of the Western democracies.

A key problem with interpreting 1968-2008 is entrenched in lying by omission and commission in the Western Murdochracies (democracies in which media conglomerates heavily determine public perception of reality) – systems in which the Zionist, Bush-ite and neo-Bush-ite “terror hysteria” version of history is based on massive and pervasive propaganda. This propaganda ignores the reality that 7,000 Westerners have been killed by Muslim-origin non-state terrorists in the last 40 years (this including Israelis and ignoring mounting evidence for US and Israeli complicity in the 9/11 atrocity). [7] In contrast, the post-invasion excess deaths (non-violent and violent avoidable deaths) in the Occupied Palestinian, Iraqi and Afghan Territories now total 0.3 million, 2 million and 3.7 million, respectively [8], information resolutely ignored by Zionist- and Bush-ite-beholden Mainstream media in a continuing process of holocaust-denial and genocide-denial.

Those talking outside the Mainstream “terror hysteria” paradigm are ignored at best or monstrously defamed at worst. Even outstanding humanitarian Jewish scholars who are critical of Israeli human rights abuses are monstered and defamed as “anti-Semites” because of a dominant but false Mainstream equation of racist Zionism with religious and cultural Judaism. The remorseless Zionist persecution of outstanding Jewish American scholar Professor Norman Finkelstein, author of many major scholarly books, is a testament to this. [9] I am so conscious of this Zionist “argument by defamation” that you will notice that many of the scholarly references I provide in this article are the writings of outstanding, anti-racist, humanitarian Jewish scholars committed to the Holocaust messages of “zero tolerance for racism” and “never again to anyone”.

Outstanding Jewish American scholar Professor Bertell Ollman has expressed this anti-racism moral stance very powerfully:

“Furthermore, if Zionism is indeed a particularly virulent form of nationalism and, increasingly, of racism and if Israel is acting toward its captive minority in ways that resemble more and more how the Nazis treated their Jews, then we must also say so. For obvious reasons, the Zionists are very sensitive about being compared to the Nazis (not so sensitive that it has restrained them in their actions but enough to bellow “unfair” and to charge “anti-Semitism” when it happens). Yet, the facts on the ground, when not obscured by one or another Zionist rationalization, show that the Zionists are the worst anti-Semites in the world today, oppressing a Semitic people as no nation has done since the Nazis.” [10]

Outstanding Jewish French writer Emmanuel Todd has summarized this disaster as America being rich, loved and needed before the fall of Communism but now being bankrupt, hated and feared. Todd points out the might-is-right collaboration of the expanding, violent American Empire (obsessed by oil and the need to contain Russia and China in Asia) and colonial Israel (like the US also treating its occupied subjects very badly) has led to a departure from American “universalism” (“all men are created equal”) to what he calls “differentialism” (some men are more equal than others in practice ) – something that others have called “exceptionalism” (i.e. International Laws and Conventions don’t apply to the US or Israel) but which I would simply describe as “racism”. [11]

Not content with its Zionist colonization of Palestine, its successful backing of the substitution of Islamic fundamentalism for secular socialism in Afghanistan, and its significant presence in the Persian Gulf, America took advantage of a weakened Russia post-1990 to violently expand US hegemony (US Empire) in the Muslim world from Somalia to Pakistan and in the Asian under-belly of Russia. Countries currently being occupied or subject to military violence by the US and its surrogates now include Haiti (still occupied by foreign troops after the last US intervention), Diego Garcia (completely ethnically cleansed by the UK and the US), Somalia (partly occupied by US-backed Ethiopia with US military help), Palestine (totally occupied by Israel since 1967), Lebanon (still recovering after 20 years of Israeli occupation and the devastation from the Israeli attacks of 2006), Syria (partly occupied by Israel since 1967), Iraq (bombed since 1990 and occupied since 2003 by the US-led Coalition), Afghanistan (occupied since 2001 by the US-led NATO and Australian Alliance), Iran (horribly damaged by the US-backed Afghan opium industry and subject to US-backed armed terrorism) and Pakistan (regularly bombed by the US). [12]

Oil has been the key strategic element for the UK and the US since its discovery in the Middle East as cogently summarized by Noam Chomsky: “The area of greatest concern is the Middle East. There is nothing novel about that. I often have to arrange talks years in advance. If I am asked for a title, I suggest ‘The Current Crisis in the Middle East.’ It has yet to fail. There’s a good reason: the huge energy resources of the region were recognized by Washington sixty years ago as a ‘stupendous source of strategic power,’ the ‘strategically most important area of the world,’ and ‘one of the greatest material prizes in world history.’ Control over this stupendous prize has been a primary goal of U.S. policy ever since, and threats to it have naturally aroused enormous concern.” [13]

The UK- and US-backing of Zionist colonization of the Middle East after World War 1 clearly had a major Anglo-American strategic motivation relating to oil and British imperial security. However the Anglo-American plan to colonize the Middle East was temporarily stalled by the exigencies of World War 2 and the need to keep Muslim countries happy from French-occupied Morocco to British-occupied India. The arguments about this in the British War Cabinet are exposed by the diaries of General Wavell, North Africa commander and later Viceroy of India. [14] Post-war the Anglo-American-backing of Zionist colonization resumed with the imperatives of oil, Western hegemony in the Middle East, the desirability of a huge Western military base in the Arab heartland, of a wall cutting the Arab world in half and a violent, divide-and-rule irritant crippling Arab independence, democratization and development. The collusive Anglo-French and Israeli attack on Egypt in 1956 to secure the Suez Canal reveals this mind-set but the Americans dissented, preferring a more subtle hegemony.

However the conquest and occupation of Arab lands in 1967 by a rampant colonial Israel changed the picture for ever and this was underscored by a change in US policy, notwithstanding the Israeli attack on the defenceless USS Liberty in 1967 that killed 34 US sailors and wounded 179. [15] The acquisition of nuclear weapons by Israel is believed to have occurred at this time. 1968 was the watershed year in which the US publicly dissented from Security Council Resolution 252 that was adopted by 13 votes to none, with 2 abstentions (Canada and United States of America) by the Security Council at its 1426th meeting, on 21 May 1968: [16]

The Security Council,

Recalling General Assembly resolution 2253 (ES-V) of 4 July 1967 and 2254 (ES-V) of 14 July 1967,

Having considered the letter of Permanent Representative of Jordan on the situation in Jerusalem (S/8560) and the report of the Secretary-General (S/8146),

Having heard the statements made before the Council,

Noting that since the adoption of the above-mentioned resolution Israel has taken further measures and actions in contravention of those resolutions,

Bearing in mind the need to work for a just and lasting peace,

Reaffirming that acquisition of territory by military conquest is inadmissible,

1. Deplores the failure of Israel to comply with the General Assembly resolutions mentioned above;

2. Considers that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken by Israel, including expropriation of land and properties thereon, which tend to change the legal status of Jerusalem are invalid and cannot change that status;

3. Urgently calls upon Israel to rescind all such measures already taken and to desist forthwith from taking any further action which tends to change the status of Jerusalem;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the implementation of the present resolution.

1968 thus set the scene for 40 years of US-backed Israeli war crimes in gross contravention of International Laws and Conventions – illegal occupation, violence, passive mass murder, theft, dispossession, disempowerment, human rights violation and ethnic cleansing in the Holy Land (post-invasion excess deaths 0.3 million, and a total now of 7 million Palestinian refugees) that was variously accompanied by significant occupation by Israel of territories of all its neighbours (Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria); further military attacks by Israel on its immediate neighbours and countries further afield (Tunisia, Libya, Iraq and Uganda); and massive, continuing, anti-Arab anti-Semitic propaganda leading to gross perversion of Western values and civil rights and culminating in the Anglo-American atrocities of the Iraqi Genocide (1990-2008 excess deaths 4 million, 4.5 million refugees) and the Afghan Genocide (2001-2008 excess deaths 3-7 million, 4 million refugees).

Given this carnage and the importance of oil to the US, it is useful to compare the parallel histories of oil and Zionism. The first oil wells drilled were in Romania (1857), Ontario, Canada (1858) and Pennsylvania, the US (1859). Later Texas and Oklahoma became major centres of US production but after World War 2 the Middle East became a major supplier for the US. Oil was first discovered in Iran in 1908 and by 1911 was being exploited by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), which was producing oil in Iran. The British found oil in Iraq after World War I. The Standard Oil Company of California (SOCAL) discovered oil in Bahrain in 1932, obtained a concession in Saudi Arabia in 1933 and discovered oil in commercial quantities in 1938. Major oil producing regions in addition to North America and the Middle East now include Venezuela and the Caribbean, Nigeria, Russia and Indonesia.

The first significant discussions of Zionism date from the formation of the Zion Society in Germany in 1861. The Zionist philosophy of Austrian journalist Theodor Herzl was set out in 1896 in his book The Jewish State (Der Judenstaat). [17] Herzl’s notion of invading, occupying and settling a foreign land and making it a “Jewish State” was in accord with mainstream European racist and colonialist attitudes of the time (for a brilliant analysis of European racism and colonialism leading up to Nazi German industrial genocide see Sven Lindqvist’s Exterminate All the Brutes). [18] The Europeans had invaded the Americas from 1492 onwards with horrendous depopulation of the Indigenous inhabitants due primarily to introduced disease with the additional contributions of violence, dispossession, and slavery. In the 19th and early 20th century European countries were still engaged in genocide of Indigenous inhabitants in North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Australasia and the Pacific. [19]

As summarized by leading Jewish British historian Martin Gilbert [20] there were about 20 “other Zions” proposed for Jewish settlement around the world from North America to Australia. Argentina, having only been ethnically cleansed of Indigenous Indians, was a major possibility as revealed by this quote from Chapter 2 of Theodor Herzl’s The Jewish State: [21]

“Shall we choose Palestine or Argentine? We shall take what is given us, and what is selected by Jewish public opinion. The Society will determine both these points. Argentine is one of the most fertile countries in the world, extends over a vast area, has a sparse population and a mild climate. The Argentine Republic would derive considerable profit from the cession of a portion of its territory to us. The present infiltration of Jews has certainly produced some discontent, and it would be necessary to enlighten the Republic on the intrinsic difference of our new movement. Palestine is our ever-memorable historic home. The very name of Palestine would attract our people with a force of marvelous potency. If His Majesty the Sultan were to give us Palestine, we could in return undertake to regulate the whole finances of Turkey. We should there form a portion of a rampart of Europe against Asia, an outpost of civilization as opposed to barbarism. We should as a neutral State remain in contact with all Europe, which would have to guarantee our existence. The sanctuaries of Christendom would be safeguarded by assigning to them an extra-territorial status such as is well-known to the law of nations. We should form a guard of honor about these sanctuaries, answering for the fulfillment of this duty with our existence. This guard of honor would be the great symbol of the solution of the Jewish question after eighteen centuries of Jewish suffering.”

Lucky Australia and Argentina, violently settled by Europeans from 1788 and 1536, respectively, and having both mercilessly ethnically cleansed their new lands of Indigenous people in the 19th century [22], both escaped the fate of the Palestinians whose Muslim forebears had lived in the Holy Land for 1400 years, whose Christian forebears had lived there for 2000 years and whose Semitic forebears had lived there continuously for thousands of years, including short periods of Israelite rule over parts of Palestine in 1000-925 BC (Kings David and Solomon) and 165-63BC (the Hasmoneans). [23]

However you must understand that from an orthodox Jewish perspective Zionism is heresy and blasphemy – there can be no return to Zion (Jerusalem) until Moschiach (the Messiah) reveals the glory of Adonai (the Lord) to the entire World. From a 21st century, anti-racist, humanitarian, Holocaust-informed, secular Jewish perspective, there must be “zero tolerance for racism” and a policy of “never again to anyone”. And, further, invasion, occupation and devastation of a foreign land coupled with disempowerment, dispossession and ethnic cleansing (genocide of the Indigenous inhabitants – the Zionist agenda in theory and horrible practice) are utterly WRONG.

According to the Jewish source MidEast Web “In the Ottoman Turkish Census of 1893 (i.e. 4 years before the first Zionist Congress in 1897), there were 371,959 Muslims and 42,689 Christians, for a total of 414,648 Arab Palestinians, and only about 9,000 Jews” i.e. at a time when the Zionist movement was looking for a suitable place in the world to set up a Jewish State, Jews represented only 2.1% of the population of Palestine. [24]

Towards the end of World War I with oil an extremely important strategic asset and Britain and France dominating the Middle East after betrayal of the Arabs with secret 1916 Anglo-French Sykes-Picot Agreement, the British did a double betrayal of the Arabs with the 1917 Balfour Declaration:

“His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country”.

By 1922 there were 83,790 Jews, 11.1% of the 752,048 population [25]; by 1937 there were 386,084 Jews, 27.9% of the 1,383,000 population (this giving rise to riots by dispossessed Indigenous Arabs and the formation of Jewish terrorist groups). By 1945, due to the constraints of the 1939 White Paper that restricted Jewish immigration to the mandated territory of Palestine in deference to Muslim attitudes in the British-occupied Middle East and British-occupied India, there were 650,000 Jews, 33.0% of the 1,845, 560 population. Indeed Australia’s most eminent Jewish public figure, former Governor-General Sir Isaac Isaacs, supported the 1939 White paper in the interests of the rights of Indigenous Palestinians. However immigration resumed post-war and by 1947 there were 650,000 Jews, 33.2% of the 1,955, 260 population.

The Catastrophe (Al-Naqbah) of 1948 resulted in violent Zionist seizure of most of the Holy Land and the expulsion of 750,000 Indigenous Palestinians – a refugee population that has now grown to 7 million. Today there are about 5.5 million Jewish Israelis (with full democratic rights), 1.5 million Indigenous Palestinian Israelis (second class citizens in a race-based, Apartheid-style ethnocracy and subject to compulsory race-based ID and marriage, property and social participation constraints) and 4.0 million Occupied Palestinians (illegally confined for 41 years to steadily shrinking, wired-in or walled-in Bantustans; 85% of Palestinian Christians have fled; post-1967 excess deaths total 0.3 million; post-1967 under-5 infant deaths total 0.2 million; the Occupied Palestinian Hamas Government, elected overwhelmingly in elections held under Israeli guns in 2006, is confined to the Gaza Concentration Camp; outstanding Jewish American scholar Professor Noam Chomsky describes the Occupied Palestinian Territory as a Prison; and outstanding South African Government Minister and hero in the fight against Apartheid, Ronnie Kasrils, describes the present-day Holy Land as “worse than Apartheid”; 80% of Holy Land homicides are of Palestinians killed by Jewish Israelis; 2,400 Occupied Palestinian under-5 year old infants die avoidably each year. [26]

Notwithstanding the horrendous and continuing injustice to the Palestinian People, the Occupation continues with the tacit support of the Western Murdochracies. However the immense Zionist and neo-con LYING involved has corroded decent Western values that came to a peak in 1968. Thus in 1968 decent people believed that “all men are created equal” and that war, racism, invasion, occupation, race-based disempowerment, ethnic cleansing and active and passive mass killing were simply WRONG. However from 1968 to 2008 we have been told that such things were OK for Israel (because it’s a “special case”); from 1990 (with the commencement of Sanctions and Bombing against Iraq that were associated with an estimated 1.9 million violent and non-violent excess deaths) we have been told that this was OK for the participating countries (the US, the UK, Australia and, apparently, albeit secretly, Israel). Since 2003 we have been told that this perversion of International Law was OK for Occupied Iraq (2 million post-invasion excess deaths, 0.6 million post-invasion under-5 infant deaths and 4 million refugees). Since 2001 we have been told that this is OK for Occupied Afghanistan (3-7 million post-invasion violent and non-violent deaths, 2.3 million post-invasion under-5 infant deaths, 4 million refugees).

It is not only “all men are created equal” that has gone. Driven by Zionist and Bush-ite “terror hysteria”, the Patriot Act in the US grossly violates civil rights and similar legislation violates the civil rights in other Western Murdochracies, mirroring the “anti-terror” legislation that solidified Hitler’s power in Germany. Thus, no Australians have been killed in Australia by Muslim-origin terrorists (or any other terrorists) in the last 30 years but draconian Australian anti-terrorism laws prescribe 5 years in prison for telling someone your spouse has been arrested without charge under these laws and life imprisonment for anyone giving financial support to a “terrorist organization” (e.g. giving money to a desperately under-funded hospital in Gaza under a democratically-elected Hamas administration proscribed as a “terrorist” organization). [27]

This Zionist- and Bush-ite-driven suspension of reason has overflowed into many other areas of life in the Western Murdochracies. Lying by omission and commission is now de rigeur for Western politicians and the Mainstream media – including the bald denial of the horrendous death toll in the ongoing Palestinian Genocide, Iraqi Genocide and Afghan Genocide (genocide being used here as defined by the UN Genocide Convention). These rich, educated societies don’t want to know and resolutely look the other way. We are daily given statements from Mainstream media and politicians that correspond quite precisely to the assertions of Big Brother in George Orwell’s “1984″: “war is peace”, “ignorance is strength”, “slavery is freedom” and “2 plus 2 does not equal 4″.

However this Orwellian transformation – this racism-driven suspension of honesty and reason – has reached a potentially catastrophic proportion now in relation to man-made climate change that is still being driven by First World commitment to burning fossil fuels (most notoriously by Bush America, Bush-ite Canada and Bush-ite Australia). Just as a small body of outstanding, anti-racist, humanitarian Jewish scholars and writers (e.g. Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter and Professors Chomsky, Rose, Ollman, Reinhart, Pappe and Finkelstein) have protested violation of International Laws and Human Rights Conventions by Israel and call for peace with equity, justice and reconciliation, so a small number of public figures and scientists are protesting the Climate Emergency and the need to act urgently now to save the planet. Thus Dr James Hansen and his colleagues at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies state that at an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 387 ppm we have passed tipping points for loss of Arctic sea ice and mass extinction events and call for a reduction to a safe level of no more than 350 ppm [28]; Nobel Laureate and former US Vice President Al Gore also urges immediate transformation to a renewable energy economy in the coming decade; [29] and eminent UK climate scientist Professor James Lovelock FRS declares that “billions” are threatened and that over 6 billion people will perish this century due to unaddressed climate change. [30]

In summary, racism and resources greed have led us from the summer of 1968 to the Orwellian nightmare of 2008. Rational risk management successively involves (a) accurate information, (b) scientific analysis of the data and (c) informed systemic change to reduce risk. However since 1968 the Zionists and neo-conservatives have entrenched racism, lying and suspension of reason in our Western societies. Our world is threatened by a Climate Emergency, as cogently analysed by David Spratt and Philip Sutton in their recent book Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action. [31] Top US climate scientist Dr James Hansen has endorsed this book and agrees that “we have a climate emergency”. The technological solutions are available to save the planet but the world can only respond effectively when there is resolute commitment to respect for all life, to universalism, truth and reason.

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Endnotes

1. ‘United Nations Security Council Resolution 252′, 1968.
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_252

2. G Polya, Body Count: Global Avoidable Mortality since 1950 (Melbourne, 2007).

3. C Hitchens, The Trial of Henry Kissinger (Melbourne, 2001).

4. W. Blum, Rogue State: A Guide to the World’s Only Superpower (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 2000); P Agee, Inside the Company: CIA Diary (London: Penguin, 1975); J Perkins, Confessions of an Economic Hit Man (London: Ebury Press, 2005).

5. Polya, Body Count.

6. M Gilbert, Jewish History Atlas (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969); Gilbert, Atlas of the Holocaust (London: Michael Joseph, 1982).

7. Polya, ‘US responsible for 9/11?’, MWC News, June 2, 2008.
http://mwcnews.net/content/view/22944/26/

8. Polya, ‘Palestinian, Iraqi, Afghan, Biofuel and Climate Genocide: Silence Kills and Silence is Complicity’, Liberalati, April 22, 2008.
http://www.liberalati.com/?q=node/261

9. Norman Finkelstein, 2008.
http://www.normanfinkelstein.com/

10. Bertell Ollman, ‘Letter of Resignation from the Jewish People’, Dialectical Marxism, 2004.
http://www.nyu.edu/projects/ollman/docs/resignation.php .

11. E Todd, After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order (translated from Après l’Empire – London: Constable, 2004).

12. Polya, Body Count; Blum, Rogue State; Todd, After the Empire; T Ali, The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity (London: Verso, 2002); Ali, Bush in Babylon: The Recolonisation of Iraq (London: Verso, 2003).

13. N Chomsky, ‘Imminent Crises: Threats and Opportunities’, Monthly Review, 59 (2), June, 2007.
http://www.monthlyreview.org/0607nc.htm

14. P Moon, ed., Wavell: The Viceroy’s Journal (London: Oxford University Press, 1973).

15. ‘USS Liberty memorial’, 2007.
http://www.gtr5.com/

16. ‘United Nations Security Council Resolution 252′.

17. T Herzl, The Jewish State (Der Judenstaat) (1896).
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/herzl2a.html

18. S Lindqvist, Exterminate All the Brutes (London: Granta Books, 1992).

19. Polya, Body Count; F Chalk, & K Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).

20. Gilbert, Jewish History Atlas.

21. Herzl, The Jewish State.

22. Polya, Body Count; Chalk, & Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide.

23. Gilbert, Jewish History Atlas.

24. ‘Population of Ottoman and Mandate Palestine’, MidEast Web, 2007.
http://www.mideastweb.org/palpop.htm

25. ‘Population of Ottoman and Mandate Palestine’.

26. Polya, ‘We Are All Palestinian’, MWC News, 1 February, 2008.
http://mwcnews.net/content/view/19915/42/

27. ‘Australian Anti-terrorism Act 2005′.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Anti-Terrorism_Act_2005

28. J Hansen, et al, ‘Target Atmospheric CO2 – Where Should Humanity Aim?’, 2008.
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0804/0804.1126.pdf

29. Al Gore, ‘Al Gore: A Generational Challenge to Repower America’, 2008.
http://wecansolveit.org/content/pages/304/

30. ‘Humans at War with Earth on Climate Change Says James Lovelock’, Royal Society, 2008.
http://royalsociety.org/news.asp?id=7226

31. D Spratt, & P Sutton, Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action (Melbourne: Scribe, 2008).

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Dr Gideon Polya currently teaches science students at a major Australian university. He has published some 130 works in a 5 decade scientific career, most recently a huge pharmacological reference text Biochemical Targets of Plant Bioactive Compounds. He has also recently published Body Count: Global Avoidable Mortality since 1950.

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